Following the passage of the Judiciary Act of 1789. Initially, the Court was to be composed of six members, but the number of justices has been nine for most of its history. The court was convened for the first time on February 2, 1790. The first Chief Justice of the United States was John Jay. A year later in 1791, they had their first case of Van Staphorst v. Maryland and its first recorded decision was West. Barnes. After receiving feedback of the Supreme Court's early decisions was Chisholm v. Georgia, Congress proposed the Eleventh Amendment. The Amendment was ratified in 1795.
One of the most key periods of the Court was the holding of Chief Justice John Marshall. In the well-known case Marbury v. Madison, Marshall stated that the Supreme Court could overturn a law passed by Congress if it violated the Constitution. The Marshall Court made several decisions restraining the actions of State governments. These cases have made the Supreme Court into what it is today, even though there have been several changes since then.
Founding Era
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